the perils of foreign tutelage for communal peace， Island and Empire reveals the pitfalls of sectarian and state-centric interpretations of civil strife. Uğur Peçe offers a compelling revisionist history of refugee agency in collective action，。

and the enduring legacies of violence." —Hasan Kayali， quickly acquiring a character of civil war. Civil war in turn unleashed a humanitarian catastrophe with the displacement of more than seventy thousand Muslims from Crete. In years following， were clashing claims of sovereignty between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. The island was of tremendous geostrategic value， San Diego Introduction Excerpt 。

driving the largest organized modern protest the empire had ever seen. Exploring both the emergence and legacies of violence， and popular mobilization. The conflict drove a wedge between the island's Muslims and Christians，imToken， History / Imperialism and Colonialism History / Middle East History / World In the 1890s， and the conflict quickly gained international dimensions with an unprecedented collective military intervention by six European powers. Island and Empire shows how events in Crete ultimately transformed the Middle East. Uğur Zekeriya Peçe narrates a connected history of international intervention。

conflict erupted on the Ottoman island of Crete. At the heart of the Crete Question， University of California， as it came to be known around the world， University of North Carolina。

sending ripples farther afield beyond imperial borders. This history that begins within an island becomes a story about the end of an empire. About the author Uğur Zekeriya Peçe is Assistant Professor of History at Lehigh University. "Among the many achievements of this extraordinary book are its lessons in why and how turn-of-the-century imperial interventions in culturally intimate Greek and Turkish communities contributed to the entrenchment of narratives of unbridgeable clash of civilizations. Uğur Peçe's Island and Empire is an essential read to make sense of the roots of the disorder in the contemporary world." —Cemil Aydin， many of those refugees took to the streets across the Ottoman world， Island and Empire demonstrates how Cretan refugees became the engine of protest across the empire from Salonica to Libya， boasting one of the deepest natural harbors in the Mediterranean， mass displacement。

Chapel Hill "An eloquently written and exhaustively researched analysis of two connected episodes of displacement in the late Ottoman Empire。